Exploration of Mars
The exploration of Mars has taken place over hundreds of years,
beginning in earnest with the invention and development of the telescope
during the 1600s. Increasingly detailed views of the planet from Earth
inspired speculation about its environment and possible life — even
intelligent civilizations — that might be found there.
Viking Lander
The Viking 1 lander touched down on the surface of Mars on July 20, 1976
and was joined by the Viking 2 lander on September 3. The Viking landers
conducted biological experiments designed to detect life in the Martian
soil, as well as measure temperature, wind, and seismology.
Mars Rovers
Launched in 2003, Opportunity landed on Mars on January 25, 2004 on the
other side of Mars from its twin rover Spirit. With a planned 90-day
duration of activity, Opportunity remained active for more than 14
years, gathering valuable scientific data.